Biohybrid nanocontructs with specific cell targeting for future applications in in vivo diagnosis and cancer treatment

Abstract

In recent years, different approaches based on Nanotechnology began to have relevance in the search for new strategies for the diagnosis and therapy of different diseases, including cancer. In this context, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are the most attractive inorganic nanomaterials from a human health point of view. Its surface can be easily modified for use in vivo, by adding targeting signals to specific cells or biocompatible coatings, to form multifunctional nanoconstructs.

In this article, we propose the coating of the AuNPs with a multilayer of Albumin, to form biohybrid nanoconstructs (bioHNPs), where the most superficial proteins retain the native conformation. This coating, stabilized by radio-induced crosslinking, endows NPs with a "biological identity" that facilitates their interaction with biological media. In addition, the Corona Effect and the importance of conducting experimental studies under conditions simulating those that occur in vivo are reviewed. Finally, the necessary structural factors are defined for the design of nanoconstructs with applications in Nanomedicine, which allow minimizing the Corona Effect and maximizing interaction with specific cells and the environment.